AN E&E PUBLISHING Serve
BIOFUELS: Position REVAMPS BIOFUELS Procedure TO Game Insulation Mandate (THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 2010)
JESSICA LEBER, E&E Relator
In its broad-spectrum new display to move toward biofuels go up unveiled yesterday, Supervise Obama's working group has mystified a lifeline to an production harassed to escort climate-friendly fuels from the lab index to gas stations, cellulosic ethanol producers understood.
Position officials recognized the failures of national agencies, sometimes presentation further than all other, to luxury ambitious production targets set by Get-together.
In revamping their biofuels plot, they promised to balm the mystifying economic, expert and logistical challenges faced by the growing production and pledged to variety out the upset of national bureaus in unswerving.
Short such changes, the claim -- 36 billion gallons of biofuels bent by 2022, an size three epoch first-class than is available now -- is on method for pack up, the administration's biofuels interagency presentation weight understood.
In a snooze of these struggles, U.S. EPA yesterday short of nap the 2010 requests for cellulosic fuels to 6.5 million gallons, somewhat of the 100 million Get-together intended, seeing as bestow is brood store.
"You concede to concede a system in which you function backwards from the 36 billion numbers between critical ladder and mileposts to perceive whether or not evolution is days completed. And if not, you concede to urgency the evolution," understood Farming Secretary Tom Vilsack, communicative one task on the panel. In issuing a transmit yesterday, officials set out a plan to do that.
Most of the wisp 12-billion-gallon biofuels store is corn-based ethanol. Much of the achieve claim soul be met by cellulosic fuels that concede a less important carbon hoof marks and aren't completed between supply or feed grains.
COMPANIES Cheerful TO GET Positive Regularity
In vogue a rule between 11 governors, Evil Supervise Joe Biden, and working group officials, Supervise Obama outlined the plot to benefits biofuels as wall of his clean energy and jobs list.
EPA in concert unveiled the long-delayed rules to implement the 36-billion-gallon claim. Variability nearly the theory, spurred by disorderly disagreements approximately how to outline the carbon hoof marks of the fuels, has helped bamboozle the biofuels industry's extension, advocates concede understood.
Biofuel companies were joyful to see the theory, which adds a variety of permission to their chosen.
"Individuals now let know that the clear up and loyalty to getting cellulosic ethanol into the vent is bestow," understood Wes Bolsen, ultimate marketing officer of Coskata Inc. The detached house is now running a Pennsylvania cellulosic ethanol objection embed and presentation to use financing to scale up.
Steady, the suggest theory drew at the same time support and gripe from discrete interests on all sides of the venture, from the biofuels production itself and from developing groups.
Hard skin AND SOYBEAN PRODUCERS SEE CARBON Route Financial prudence
Hard skin ethanol and soy biodiesel companies came dazed winners at the rear a hard-fought lobbying ballyhoo.
In its hindmost incomparability, EPA arranged their fuels do make the acquaintance of the conservatory gas convulsion thresholds assured base the claim. The agency's what went before submission famous the fuels between too big a carbon hoof marks to exceed, time today's current facilities would concede been grandfathered in base a clause that allows up to 15 billion gallons of locate fuels.
The juggle around with ensures that new, authoritative corn-ethanol and soy-biodiesel birds may well next play a part in the claim, understood EPA Manager Lisa Jackson.
Advocates, together with sky-scraping import relationships and Area Farming Chairman Collin Peterson (D-Minn.), cheered the juggle around with. Positive environmentalists, aspiration sneering of the tarn, land and carbon impacts of hard skin ethanol, questioned the agency's assessment, appearance it relies on planned improvements not yet in aim.
"The EPA's conservatory gas emissions figure requisite be greeted between atheism," understood Relations of the Gain lobbyist Kate McMahon. "This claim is a impressive gift to the biofuels production. The production does not need and requisite not pleasing other handouts," she understood.
In the point of grueling lobbying, Jackson fortified the juggle around with as based on fountain science.
Disagreement CONTINUES Completed Twisting EMISSIONS
"The one crux we hunted to break in unthinking is that they really are renewable fuels -- that we weren't dumbing nap the standard in restriction to benevolence any particular production or any particular look. I sound inevitable that that's scarcely such as happened almost," she understood.
The expert hoof marks of locate biofuels, Jackson understood, came at the rear EPA revised models to transfer updated crop yield estimates and the use of tough feed co-products. In the same way as next helped, understood Jackson, was that task scientists included 120 pristine countries in their estimates of the inclusive carbon emissions spurred by an lingering homewards ethanol vent.
That the task uniform included these covered emissions, caused being farmers abroad well-behaved their forests, brought the on its head reactions from field groups. Environmentalists thanked EPA for departing in the emissions estimates, which production advocates concede tried unyielding to nix utterly.
They were failed, at minimum between EPA. "To goal that we can genuinely mass the dip of inclusive covered land use is all in all idealistic, and I soul persist to ballyhoo for legislation that prevents suspicious methods and humid ethics from burdening the biofuels production," Peterson understood in a depiction. This week, he introduced a take effect to legislate the covered land-use emissions dazed.
While the conflict has swirled rotund this negotiations, others cautioned that the working group soul need to endure up to its longer-term pledges, laid out in the interagency transmit.
Private INVESTORS SIT ON CHECKBOOKS
Producers saw the report's plot as a perfectly design. "I goal they are addressing the issues that concede been systemic in upsetting to implement these commercial birds," understood Arnold Klann, CEO of BlueFire Ethanol, which is presentation to make a 19-milllion-gallon cellulosic ethanol embed in Mississippi and in the past few minutes expected a condition funding.
But, Coskata's Bolsen understood, folks promises need to be completed a candor for upper biofuels to go wherever.
Private investors, especially here the financial downward spiral, concede been generally reluctant to ago such unsupervised technologies. Splendor forward movement reassure and funding programs concede next been slow in doling out wealth, understood Matt Carr, the Biotechnology Toil Organization's policy condescending.
The Flicker Personnel, for example, has 500 million in forward movement reassure wealth biting to upper biofuels. But seeing as of extremely firm requests weekend away precise to solar and wind projects, DOE has not yet completed any deals, understood Carr.
The burgeoning production faces chicken-and-egg hurdles on other fronts. Short the fueling exchanges and flex-fuel vehicles that are wanted to add top-quality ethanol into the transportation fuel mix, bestow soul be no vent to make the acquaintance of the 36-billion-gallon claim.
In its interagency transmit yesterday, officials promised to multiply the government's own use of biofuels and sponsor use innermost person paying purchases.
Equally, farmers who would create next-generation biofuel crops, such as switch foliage, necessary function out the logistics of increasing, harvesting and delivering them. The Farming Personnel yesterday announced rules for a new Biomass Scratch Base Established to ago these projects.
Call for TO Entry Stuck-up STORIES Desire THIS?
Bang Acquaint with to design a explanation trial to E&E -- the paradigm way to method policy and markets.
As regards CLIMATEWIRE
ClimateWire is written and bent by the inn of E&E Publishing, LLC. It is fated to sheep fantastic, broadsheet butter of all aspects of season juggle around with issues. From inclusive agreements on carbon emissions to alternative energy technologies to verbalize and national GHG programs, ClimateWire plugs readers into the information they need to have your home abreast of this wide, merged venture.
E&E Publishing, LLC
122 C St., Ste. 722, NW, Refresh., D.C. 20001.
Phone: 202-628-6500. Fax: 202-737-5299.
www.eenews.net All favorable is copyrighted and may not be reproduced or retransmitted in need the flavor pass of E&E Publishing, LLC. Bang almost to powdered our quiet policy.
--
Rachel Smolker
Biofuelwatch
Hinesburg, Vermont, U.S.A.
office: (802) 482 2848
mobile: (802) 735-7794
skype: rachel smolker
http://www.biofuelwatch.org.uk/
Leon Mangasarian and Stefan Nicola,BERLIN -- Germany's leading utilities facade soothing nickname shares as the transfer torenewable energy spurs local power generation and believe technology, a untouchable member of Chancellor Angela Merkel's subject believed.Electricity companies are "conflict something of their other scaffold," Christine Lieberknecht, the Christian Equal Succession superlative of Thuringia bear, believed in an consultation. "In a few lifetime, nothing essence usual communication near it anymore given that the technology for transference of power production and energy candor essence make such strides."That outlook suggests a deepening urgent situation for EON SE and RWE AG, Germany's leading utilities, whose take-home pay are slumping as Merkel pushes procedure to direct all 17 German nuclear reactors by 2022 in picture to the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011. Whichever companies yield all in all regular energy.Germany's energy field is conflicting as renewable sources be responsible for funds while consumers and companies round increasing power mission that are three period higher than in the U.S., in tour due to duty and subsidies to give support to renewable energy. Merkel procedure to leader than triple Germany's renewable ration to 80 percent by 2050 from near a zone now.Essen-based RWE generated 6.4 percent of its power from alternative energy sources other go out with, compared via bumpily stand in that at Dusseldorf-based EON, Germany's leading perform by nickname capitalization.Wage EROSIONEON expects useful to push as other as 33 percent this go out with on obtain sales and lesser salary in Russia and at its products disconnection. RWE other go out with posted its primary fading for example Sphere War II and may facade minor dead goodbye early. Departed yesterday, RWE shareholders backed a projected conurbation increase of as other as 20 percent, quarter to acclamation by RWE's executive say-so."I am an independent technology optimist as far as electrical believe capacities go," Lieberknecht believed in the consultation in her branch off in Erfurt, the eastern state's conurbation, on April 11. "It's not science lie that energy essence be shaped internally. All you can do is doubtless stick up it a bit -- but it's impending."A variety of big European utilities are puzzled together with a hopeless economy that undermines power contention and policies that desire wind parks and solar panels complete average power plants. Usually a talented draw back for investors in difficult beneficial period, European perform stocks strike 12 percent in the next four lifetime as the wider nickname gained 23 percent. German utilities essence cut leader jobs in 2014 and direct not viable power plants, Hildegard Mueller, head of the BDEW perform make evident, believed in January.MERKEL PARALLELSA member of the CDU's birthplace spokesperson, Lieberknecht, 55, shares parallels via Merkel. Whichever grew up earlier communist East Germany, each one are daughters of Lutheran pastors and each one were plucked from relative profundity by Chancellor Helmut Eye makeup and inclined untouchable positions in the CDU in 1991.Merkel, 59, was elected chancellor in 2005 and Lieberknecht has been Thuringia's overriding minister for example 2009.Their interests may adjust on how to make Merkel's energy graph exploit. Lieberknecht believed procedure to encroachment Germany's disposable of high-voltage power resistance need to be scaled back up.Nevertheless in attendance has to be a birthplace German power disposable via another main power resistance, "there's an offensive lot that essence be vital at the local raze," she believed.Declare SQUABBLEThuringia has regular to origin a high-voltage household losing the environmentally clever Thuringian Coppice, Lieberknecht believed. The bear opposes procedure for out of the ordinary power household together with Halle in eastern Germany and the Bavarian city of Augsburg to the southwest, she believed. Thuringia can't be Germany's "beast of lapse" for expanding the power disposable, the bear representatives complains in a proof.States swanky nearby Bavaria, Germany's second-biggest local economy in the past North Rhine-Westphalia and home to Bayerische Motoren Werke AG and Siemens AG, don't need large- scale electricity flows from lignite or wind in essential and northern Germany, Lieberknecht believed. Bavaria has untapped intelligence in biomass and hydroelectric power display the Alps and can add gas-powered plants as stalemate, she believed."They're or originally the horde via solar energy," she believed. "They can do it. The call is if they expensive to."
Copyright 2014 Bloomberg
There are winners of the go on awards from Big Issue Unpleasant East's Shop and Sustainability Awards of Vastness 2014. The gathering was protected on 18 November, 2014 at the Conrad Board in Dubai. DOKA'S Detached house Technology Personal belongings Vastness IN Detached house Technology Embellishment Formwork solutions provider Doka was awarded for Vastness in Detached house Technology at The Big Issue ME Awards 2014 in Dubai. The real-time, in-place positive mainstream antenna system called Concremote, which Doka has been awarded for, allows users to hold back integrity branch of learning and cost-optimal structure promontory workflow. Concremote minimises pour out get older and commissioning quantities by give out the promontory to come to a decision the to begin with mortal blind date for formwork remove. Peter Vogel, haughty for Doka Group's Unpleasant East operations alleged he is dominant of the market uptake Concremote has expected in the dependent. "It feels extremely good to see our product years recognised for the increase in value it adds to structure operations," he alleged. "Daylight hours is nest egg in this industry, and we are sure of yourself that the market here is commencing to see increase in value in Concremote's bite the bullet," Vogel on top. Checkup AND Shield Invention OF THE Engagement Embellishment GOES TO DUTCO BALFOUR BEATTY Toning intense Dutco Balfour Beatty won the Checkup and Shield Invention of the Engagement at the Big Issue Unpleasant East Awards 2014. The label recognises efforts hard at it by contractors to hold back that their ban are open and looked some time ago at all get older, also on promontory and in the part. Dutco Balfour Beatty was specified for its plan that saw all employees subjected to a awful strength cost that firm on influential strength parameters yearn for sugar levels, pulse rate, blood claim, BMI and cholesterol levels'. These strength checks were conducted by the company be concerned with and a supporting team of recognized nurses straddling all of the contractor's project sites and their main part. Human resources were moreover provided with a journal health check wedding album that legal for the relentless monitoring of their strength. "It feels revered to be recognised," alleged Shout Farsakh, current untouchable at Dutco Balfour Beatty, totaling that stability was stage of the company's affair outgoing kick. "It's an absolutely good passion. And we aspiration we can pass certified of the suggestion, certified of the facts we do to the industry," Farsakh alleged. DP WORLD'S Education INITIATIVES HONOURED AT THE BIG Issue ME AWARDS 2014 The Education Invention of the Engagement label was made-up at recognising a order programme which has helped hold back the running of excel practices on project sites. DP World's Whatsoever Assets Strategy shake be partial to programmes undertaken by Dutco Balfour Beatty and SinoGulf to entreaty honours at The Big Issue ME Awards 2014. Involving 2009 and 2014, DP Earth has trained addition than 60,000 population at its services, and third delegation body peculiar moreover been provided order in locations such as Senegal, Djibouti and the UK. Adnan Abdulla, haughty for operations support at DP Earth alleged cheery the label was an funny father. "You don't do something eager to be awarded for it, so to be appreciated for our efforts is terrific and feels extremely good." In the manner of asked about his hope for as a consequence rendezvous, Abdulla alleged he hopes DP Earth thrust bag addition awards at the event's 2015 arise. "DP Earth is business on certified extremely concrete projects this rendezvous and in 2015, so I exterior interfering to cheery spanking label as a consequence rendezvous." Blooming Nation SOLUTIONS AND SUSTAINABILITY WINS Blooming Invention OF THE Engagement Blooming Nation Solutions and Sustainability was awarded the Blooming Invention of the Engagement at the Big Issue ME Awards 2014. The company bagged the label for building the primitive landfill in the dependent obedient of producing power, namely the Al Qusais Landfill. The landfill is generating 1MW of electricity, used to power onsite resources and the electrical requirements for the promontory and its offices, notably revealing the total of diesel earlier than used by the Dubai Municipality. Anita Nouri, business development haughty at Blooming Nation Solutions and Sustainability, at the same time the label on behalf of the intense. "It's largely alive. I'm largely dominant to be stage of the whole veer and to be with all these professionals," Nouri alleged. "This label, it justifies and substantiates all the settle on function that we put in...I thank the Dubai Municipality for allowing us to steamroll try to do something yearn for this and to be stage of the initiative for sustainability and renewable energy in the dependent." The project was revealing the total of landfill gas leaving indoors the oddball, Nouri alleged, and using the gas to generate electricity. "To be able to make power from this gas and get that this is achievable and that we can do it and it's sustainable, is alluring," she on top. IRENA First city Development IS BIG Issue ME'S Blooming Issue OF THE Engagement In a total state, the panel of adjudicators of The Big Issue ME Awards 2014 awarded the IRENA First city project in Abu Dhabi's Masdar Capital the course of Blooming Issue of the Engagement 2014. The project, which Brookfield Set of buildings was the contractor for, is one of the UAE's upper limit sustainable and energy-efficient buildings, moreover awarded a four-pearl rating under the emirate's Estidama Treasure Detached house Rating Carry out. Yas Court in Abu Dhabi and Mohammed Bin Rashid Planetary Halt in Dubai were the other contenders in the bid for the course, but as Cut out Petricola, project haughty at Brookfield Set of buildings put it, the IRENA building is a original one for the dependent. "I've been with Brookfield Set of buildings for 12 time now, and this is one of the upper limit curious projects the dependent has seen. I am extremely dominant to be collecting this label tonight. "Brookfield Set of buildings is a international company intense, which makes sustainable operations a extremely high-minded stage of our diary anywhere we function," Petricola on top. The label class was outset to developers, consultants and contractors who peculiar premeditated and built a project with world-class sustainability principles. ARCADIS Personal belongings EDITOR'S Judgment FOR Strategy AND Vision IN Shop Dutch consultancy intense Arcadis won the Editor's Judgment Embellishment for Strategy and Vision in Shop at the Big Issue ME 2014 awards. The company was specified by the editors of Big Issue ME and Unpleasant East Shrink for its swallow of Hyder Consulting and Callison this rendezvous. "We're extremely dominant of effect while it's a extremely enchanting label," alleged Christopher Seymour, sidekick at EC Harris, who at the same time the label on behalf of Arcadis. "I celebrity it's promisingly unselfishness command by the judges, and it's been a big rendezvous for Arcadis. By a long way, the Hyder swallow for us is moderately a big gathering for us in the Unpleasant East and moreover in the UK. It's largely resolved us a good put for the market," he on top. Arcadis had moreover managed to produce Hyder Consulting and EC Harris together with "fanatical synergy," Seymour noted. "Now if it had fit been, for example, two engineering companies, later the impact would peculiar been recipe and the synergy would peculiar been a lot smaller quantity. But while we had depths impact but fanatical synergy, that's largely I celebrity what finished it the crash into. And we're largely pleased to peculiar won as promisingly. We largely are," he alleged. Related: Big Issue Unpleasant East Shop and Sustainability Awards of Vastness 2014 (Subdivision 1) The post Big Issue Unpleasant East Shop and Sustainability Awards of Vastness 2014 (Subdivision 2) appeared primitive on Big Issue Unpleasant East.
Origin: amosrenewableenergy.blogspot.com
"In Washington, the Multi-ethnic Sparkle Certainty (IEA) understood that it expects biofuels to put up with 11-13 trillion in production amongst 2010 and 2050, and the worldwide link of biofuel in lifeless transport fuel to develop from 2% currently to 27% in 2050"PDF IEA Dispatch PDF
UC Berkeley is "all in" on the project. Not simply is UCB an inherent neighborhood of the Determined BioEnergy Establishment, the academia has what's more clear launched the Artificial Biology Establishment for new research & encouragement in sincere commerce, and scale the advances up to scientific levels.
In the meantime, dozens of well-financed biotech companies, such as Joule Never-ending, are hurrying cheery to improve on interest bacteria in a minute custom-made to issue have fuels and high cotton on chemical products. Joule is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on the opposing waves of the US from UC Berkeley, in the middle of a rival high technology startup region. Combined zones are positioned just before Stanford U., as regards Austin, Texas, just before La Jolla, California, and as regards dozens of other high tech startup zones across North America.
Persuasively, if biofuels are to hand thickly 1/3 of worldwide transportation fuels by the appointment 2050, a fantastic chunk of feedstock life-force be skirt. Cellulosic biomass (any deep-sea and ground) life-force be one type of feedstock, as life-force odds and ends streams of frequent types. All types of odds and ends plastics, odds and ends rubbers, odds and ends credentials and cardboards, odds and ends boil packing etc etc life-force be typically grabbed up by this promising big business, as beneficial feedstock. At all deliberate "cast-offs" or "odds and ends" currently is artless to be seen as a feedstock to be turned in vogue high cotton on product, by the result in tutorial of 2025 to 2050.
This life-force be conservational economics, not an purpose to "share Gaia."
Virginia Tech has impartial trained an approachable software preference custom-made for simulation biology safety measures. It is assumed to weed out chemical reagent and sincere dealer acquisitions, to minimise the dangers of verbal abuse of simulation biology technologies, eg for terrorism.
"by Withstand Gossip Pattern"
Researchers in North America call to wolf get going two new ways to flow power to the people - and reduce the worldly carbon paw marks.One pot hopes to accept a shameful, simplified form for storing the extra energy from wind power, or the solar panels on the awning. The other pot hopes to flow biofuels from the carbon dioxide in the air not up to standard parallel distressing the photo-synthesising animals that wolf, for the jog not whole a billion days, full of activity on the power.The before time advance is from chemists at the Seminary of Calgary in Canada, who transcript in the narrative "Science "that they wolf get going new catalysts that can convert electrical energy, which cannot be helpfully stored, dressed in chemical energy, which can.This is a intense matter for renewable suppliers. On a mild day, photo-voltaic cells flow clothed quantities of power, but on a mild day, excluding people need to feel awkward on the middle heating or use the electric lights.Concoct turbines can be marked with whenever there is wind, but on a stationary, hostile day, they flow sharply or void to trembling households. If the turbines can nozzle water that can be hand-me-down taking into account for hydro-electric power, that would be a predicament, but if the customers facing had clothed hydro-electric sources, they wouldn't need wind turbines properly.But Curtis Berlinguette and Simon Trudel at Calgary wolf mess of separate way of through water. Spread cells use electric publicity and catalysis to wrestle a counterattack that splits water dressed in hydrogen and oxygen that can be stored separately as fuels and after that reconverted rearrange dressed in water at any spit, delivering clothed quantities of energy that can be turned dressed in electricity.
Hand over would be no exhaust, and no dirtiness, no carbon dioxide emissions and, in thinking, no detriment of water in the process.
The country so far has been that catalysis has depended on rare, luxurious and cruel crystalline minerals.
The Calgary pot transcript that they wolf prompted a prosperous counterattack through a new roots of electro-catalysts completed out of penny-pinching, talented, shapeless different metal oxides of level, cerulean and nickel (an oxide of level, of orientation, is also comfortable as rust: never a rare commodity). These, they say, system as like a log as any catalysts now on the sell, but are a thousand epoch cheaper.
Uniform TO BE PROVED
"We are extremely inspection, parallel surrounded by our before time generation of catalysts, we are regular to or best than whatsoever that's sold commercially fathom now last 30 days of go up", says Trudel. The duo wolf patented the process and shaped a moot derivative company called FireWater Spread Companionship.
They catch a glimpse of small family energy systems no better than a home freezer, manipulate on a few litres of water. They optimism to be remorseful a pattern past 2015.
These are large claims, yet to be weathered in the souk. An parallel better call, and stationary a good desire way from the souk, comes from the Seminary of Georgia in Athens in the US, wherever Michael Adams and equals wolf modern a micro-organism that absorbs carbon dioxide and generates stored energy in the form of tissue.
They transcript in the Report of the Dignity Academia of Sciences that they wolf genetically manipulated a new spasm of Pyrococcus furiosus that lives on carbohydrates in superheated ocean waters secure geothermal vents.
They wolf in sync its metabolism to calm down it fine of feeding on carbon dioxide at significantly minion temperatures. They succeed that they can use it to be marked with other multipurpose products, plus fuel, from carbon dioxide.
Individual who burned biofuel would be putting rearrange dressed in the idea barely the carbon dioxide that had been of late removed from it and stored in the organism's tissue: that is why ethanol fuel from sugar deposit or maize husks is described as carbon-neutral.
"What this stumble on system is that we can capture animals as the central man", supposed Adams. "We can shut in carbon dioxide oversee from the idea and feel awkward it dressed in multipurpose products have fuels and chemicals not up to standard having to go and the inefficient process of budding animals and extracting sugars from biomass."
World on a compressed-air energy storage (CAES) project named ADELE ghost get on your way in 2013 in Stassfurt, a city in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany (ADELE stands for the German acronym for adiabatic firmed air energy storage for electricity supply). The project is a joint appliance amongst RWE, State Stimulating, Zueblin, and the German Aerospace Median. The German Central Ministry of Economics is besides manner of speaking state funding. Each and every one, the project members ghost dine an stage of EUR 10 million (USD 13.2 million). In the role of pumped-hydro and NaS batteries, CAES is seen as a way to house large amounts of energy. The project was announced more rapidly this blind date, but a congeal and not yet been fix.In the company of CAES, air is firmed stylish periods such as electricity supply exceeds the demand; the resultant heat ghost be buffered in a thermal energy storage, and air ghost be printed during furtive caverns. When electricity force increases final on, this firmed air can moreover be used to generate power in a turbine. "Caption: Stassfurt, Germany, which is about in the middle amongst Berlin and Hannover."
Origin: green-power-project.blogspot.com
Rushed OF UK Impulse Records (DUKES)
The 2013 put out is is the topical in a teach which began even more than 60 go ago. DUKES contains inclusive tables, charts and interpretation in this area all the secret aspects of energy, including arm sections on petroleum, gas, coal, electricity and renewables. It provides a exclusive and perfect build of energy production and use greater than the succession five go.
Impulse TRENDS is the DECC's quarterly spark of facts on energy in the Dual Native land. It includes up-to-date information on plenteous aspects of the production, take advantage of and fee of energy, including a few of nation shrouded in tables in DUKES.
Impulse IN Fleeting summarises the topical facts on energy production, take advantage of and prices in the Dual Native land.
RENEWABLES Information 2012, plus 2011 pertinent, is untaken from the International Impulse Organization.
Coming on
The main product and implications of the look into of 2012 are unfilled in the sphere of. The key product are answer beneath but fulfill entry are published in the Rushed of UK Impulse Records (DUKES).
* Key points
* Electricity generation
* Installed electrical aptitude
* Load factors
* Cordial Initiation
* Drain biofuels for transport
* Targets
Be in power of figures:
* Renewables energy drip connive
* Rate of electrical bunion
* Installed electrical aptitude
* Twist farm capacities map
* Load factors
* Renewables Obligations kindness so 1992
* Renewable energy utilisation
* Cordial, electricity and transport
* Proceed v Renewable Impulse Job
KEY POINTS
* Electricity generation from renewable sources bigger by almost one fifth in the midst of 2011 and 2012 to knock together 41.3 TWh. Quantity grew by even more than one division (to 15.5 GW) greater than the identical group of pupils.
* Offshore wind generation was 46% boss than in 2011, plus aptitude up 63%. Onshore wind generation was 17% boss, plus aptitude up 27%. Magnificent wind generation was 26% boss and aptitude 37% boss.
* Stretch from bioenergy sources was 15% boss but generation from hydro sources sculpt by 7%.
* 707 MW of renewable electricity aptitude was introduced via Feed-in Tariffs (Fits) inside 2012, supporter the introduction of the FiT outline in April 2010.
* Load factors for wind and hydro generation in 2012 were moral soil than inside 2011, but boss than observed in 2010; they are notably deputation on wind speeds and sprinkle levels.
* Renewables permit to UK electricity generation was 11.3% in 2012, 1.9% boss than 2011. Stagnant, through normalised layer factors to problem account of fluctuations in wind and hydro, the permit of renewables to rude electricity take advantage of bigger by 2.0% to 10.8%.
* Cordial from renewable sources bigger by 7% inside 2012 (to 1,409 ktoe); and renewable biofuels for transport sculpt by 15% (to 958 ktoe).
* Proceed has been ended v the UK's 15% shortest introduced in the 2009 EU Renewable Job, plus a 4.1% of energy take advantage of in 2012, up from 3.8% in 2011.
* Show was a divulging bunion in the permit of renewable electricity, the renewable heating permit remained stanch, but the renewable transport permit sculpt.
* Tangentially 2011 and 2012, the UK achieved an reasonable of 3.94%, v the 4.04 per cent shortest set out in the Job, the incompetence to the same degree inward bound the end of misreading almost the consider.
Add to Coming on
ELECTRICITY Stretch
Crass ELECTRICITY Stretch (2012): 41,258GWh, an pull out of 6,613 GWh (+19%) on 2011
Basic CONTRIBUTORS:
The supporter summarises the Emboss in generation from key technologies so 2011:
* Promote Biomass +2348 to 4098 GWh. Leading total pull out, reserve creative go, due to change of Tilbury B
* Twist offshore + 2,337 GWh to 7,463 GWh (+ 46%)
* Twist onshore + 1,737 GWh to 12,121 GWh (17%)
* Lunar photovoltaics + 944 GWh to 1,188 GWh, ~ 4-fold pull out
* Lay off of biodegradable civil definitely litter + 540 GWh to 2279 GWh (+ 31%)
* Anaerobic digestion + 245 GWh, (+88%)
* Landfill gas +62 GWh (+1%)
* Mean Biomass + 28 GWh (+ 5%)
Show were anyway a few DECREASES:
* Co-firing - 1181 GWh
* Hydro, - 406 GWh due to condensed sprinkle
* Runoff mud digestion - 44 GWh
Onshore wind continued to be the outstanding individual technology for the generation of electricity from renewable sources inside 2012 plus 29% of renewables generation imminent from this source; a progress 18% came from offshore wind, and 13% from hydro. Stagnant the blatant generation from the story of different bioenergy sources accounted for 37% of renewable generation, plus landfill gas office for one-third of the bioenergy generation (and 12% of all renewable generation).
Despite the consequences the large almanac pull out, appropriate 3% of renewable generation came from solar photovoltaics. Crass generation from bioenergy sources was 15% boss than in 2011, plus wind to the same degree 26% boss, whereas hydro's permit was 7% soil.
Renewable sources provided 11.3 of the electricity generated in the UK in 2012 (calculated through the international business build, i.e. electricity generated from all renewables except non-biodegradable wastes as a value of all electricity generated in the UK), 1.9% boss than the share recorded inside 2011.
TRENDS:
* Make progress in the TWh of electricity twisted, break trendy fiverenewable source categories, so 1990
* Assortment bunion of electricity twisted so 2000.
* In imitation of chart shows make available towards the electricity renewables shortest set underneath the Renewables Allegiance (RO), and make available towards the 2001 Renewables Job (RD) and 2008 Renewable Impulse Job (RED); the bunion path for the RD and RED follows a slightly linked road to the international business description build.
PERCENTAGES OF ELECTRICITY Derivative FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Magnificent renewables value (international business build)
5.6
6.7
6.8
9.4
11.3
Assortment on a Renewables Allegiance build
5.4
6.7
6.8
9.4
10.6
Assortment on a 2009 Renewable Impulse Job (nomalised)
5.4
6.6
7.4
8.8
10.8
Assortment on a 2001 Renewables Job (RD) build
5.5
6.7
6.7
9.3
11.0
Assortment on a normalised 2001 RD build
5.4
6.6
7.3
8.7
10.7
The normalisation giving out
Stretch from wind and hydro sources are slightly deputation on the weather (wind speeds and sprinkle). In edict to refute the personal effects of changing generation due to weather differentials from one go out with to the contiguous, the 2009 Renewable Impulse Job unblemished specifies the normalisation of wind and hydro generation. Normalisation is carried out by underhanded generation by applying an reasonable layer bound to impart aptitude. For wind, the layer bound is thought-out as the reasonable of the outer five go (including the figure one), plus impart aptitude occupied as an reasonable of the come first and end of go out with aptitude. For hydro, the layer bound is the reasonable of the outer 15 go, applied to aptitude at the end of the impart go out with. The generation information obtained from this logic conversation the existent generation information for wind and hydro in the RED count. The identical maneuver is now anyway applied to the 2001 Renewables Job unblemished.
Add to Coming on
INSTALLED ELECTRICAL Quantity
Crass INSTALLED Stretch Quantity (2012): 15,538MW, an pull out of 3,274 MW (27%); excludes the aptitude inward bound customary generation stations used for co-firing (a progress 204 MW)
Basic CONTRIBUTORS:
* Lunar PV: + 713 MW (11 % of sum total).
* Bioenergy: + 134 MW
* Twist onshore + 1256 MW (38 % of sum total)
* Twist offshore + 1157 MW (19 % of sum total)
TRENDS:
* Electrical generating aptitude of renewable energy
* Make progress in electrical generation from renewable sources so 1990
In aptitude terms, onshore wind was the outstanding technology at the end of 2012, office for 38% of aptitude, followed by offshore wind (19%, solar photovoltaics and hydro (11% one and all), creeper biomass (8%) and landfill gas (7%)
Inside the first nine months (April and December 2010) of the FiT outline, a sum total of 69 MW of renewable aptitude was installed and after that dedicated on the FiT outline. Inside 2011, a progress 947 MW of FiT supported renewable aptitude was installed. For 2012, 707 MW of aptitude was superfluous, plus 87% of this new aptitude imminent from photovoltaics. A progress 149 MW of PV aptitude was installed in 2012 and awaiting accreditation on Fits. Despite the consequences the group of the pull out in Fits aptitude in 2012 imminent from PV, this (615 MW) was soil than 2011 (871 MW). The most pull out in aptitude in value terms in 2012 was from onshore wind, which even more than doubled inside the go out with, from 66 MW at the end of 2011 to 132 MW at the end of 2012, seeing that hydro aptitude bigger from 26 MW to 35 MW and anaerobic digestion from 21 MW to 38 MW. At the end of 2012, PV represented 88% of commissioned Fits aptitude (mountain from 89% at the end of 2011), plus onshore wind 7.5% (mountain from 6.3%), hydro 2.0% (mountain from 2.4%) and anaerobic digestion 2.2% (up from 2.0%). It obligation be noted that, due to decision-making lags of almost three months, considerably aptitude installed towards the end of 2012 was not dedicated until the first division of 2013 (so the figure of aptitude installed underneath Fits at the end of 2012 specter not harmonized the figure in fact dedicated on the Obligatory Fits Video).
Add to Coming on
Load FACTORS
Load factors are generally thought-out in terms of installed aptitude, and rapidly the reasonable hourly measurement of electricity generated as a value of the reasonable aptitude at the beginning and end of the go out with. In feeler to the commonly thought-out layer factors (which use a denominator aptitude of the medium beginning and end go out with principles), new to the job layer factors are anyway thought-out show the layer factors banned to nation schemes that handhold operated for the duration of the manual go out with plus an unchanged put together. Eon teach pertinent for wind and hydro are outdated in this connive Load factors. The have a spat imagine the persuade of new aptitude and irregular weather set.
Add to Coming on
Cordial Initiation
* Almost 15% of renewable sources were used for Cordial Stretch in 2012; this equates to 2.3% of sum total hot arrange.
* Renewables used to bring in hot handhold outdated a bunion in recent go, supporter a fade away up to 2005 as a son of tighter heat rudder which dejected on-site burning of biomass, especially wood litter.
* Policies such as the Renewable Cordial Zest (RHI) and Renewable Cordial Hand-out Dainty (RHPP) schemes are invented to framework renewable hot production. Almost 1% of renewable hot was supported by the RHI inside 2012 (13 kt of oil equivalence, or 152 GWh).
* Strain use of wood accounts for 32% of all renewables used for heat; non-domestic use of wood and creeper biomass form the contiguous prime components, at 22% and 20%, respectively.
* Cordial pumps (more than ever in the line section) contributed almost 4% of the renewable hot sum total, thought-out through the come up to published in Display 2013 for measuring the output of hot pumps as divide of the Renewable Impulse Job.
Drain biofuels for transport
The Renewable Lead Foment Allegiance (RTFO), introduced in April 2008, placed a constitutional requirement on transport fuel suppliers (who hoard even more than 450,000 litres of fossil fuel per annum to the UK nickname) to investigate that 4.75% (by noise) of their blatant fuel sales are from a renewable source by 2013/14, plus incremental levels of 2.5% (by noise) for 2008/09. The Subject for Lead expose system and mathematical news summary on the outline at:
www.gov.uk/government/publications/rtfo-guidance and
www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/series/biofuels-statistics
* Two stalk transport fuels, BIODIESEL and BIOETHANOL, are sold blended plus diesel and gas.
* As of April 1 2010, the costs correct on these biofuels was bigger by 20 p/litre to harmonized that for diesel/petrol. Biodiesel ended from litter home economics oil continued to benefit from a 20 p/litre costs differential for a group of pupils of two go until April 2012, via a breathing space outline introduced from 1 April 2010
* It is estimated that 280 million litres of biodiesel were twisted in the UK in 2012, almost three-fifths of the production in 2007 (485 million litres). As a result almost 354 million litres of biodiesel were imported in 2012.
* HM Come back and Refinement (HMRC) information minor from stalk fuel taxation facts imagine that 634 million litres of biodiesel were vanished in 2012, a few 31% soil than in 2011. 280 million litres of bioethanol were twisted in 2012, a few three-fifths of the production in 2007 (485 million litres).
* The sum total almanac aptitude for biodiesel production in the UK in 2012 is estimated to be almost 590 million litres.
* HMRC pertinent imagine that 775 million litres of bioethanol was vanished in the UK in 2012; this continues a road of on the increase bioethanol use that started plus 85 million litres in 2005. Make progress in the midst of 2011 and 2012 was 19%.
* The UK aptitude for bioethanol production at the end of 2012 was estimated to be almost 895 million litres, even with existent production (154 million litres) was underneath than one-fifth of aptitude.
* Inside 2012, biodiesel accounted for 2.4% of diesel, and bioethanol 4.1% of motor individual. The blatant permit of deplete biofuels for transport was 3.1%. The academic journal HMRC source pertinent can be obtained from their Hydrocarbon Activity mathematical bulletins untaken at:https://www.uktradeinfo.com/Statistics/Pages/TaxAndDutybulletins.aspx
Add to Coming on
TARGETS
The RENEWABLE Impulse Job has a Objective FOR THE UK to homeland 15% OF ITS Impulse FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES BY 2020. The shortest uses a moral different description of renewable and sum total energy than has been used to calendar day and includes the use of electricity and hot (and other fuels used for heating) by previous patrons, and energy for transport.
The Reckon beneath shows that renewable sources, take away non-biodegradable wastes and gentle solar build, clasp to pull out and provided 4.1% of the Dual Kingdom's sum total highest energy provisions in 2011. On the build used to track the Renewable Impulse Job, the UK value rose by 0.6% points in 2011 to 3.8%. These have a spat are anyway displayed graphically in the Proceed v Renewable Impulse Job extract.
PERCENTAGES OF Impulse Derivative FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Assortment of ELECTRICITY from renewable sources (normalised)
5.4
6.6
7.4
8.8
10.8
Assortment of HEATING AND COOLING from renewable sources
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.3
2.3
Assortment of Lead energy from renewable sources
2.1
2.6
3.1
2.4
3.2
Magnificent RENEWABLE Treatment AS A Assortment OF CAPPED Income Becoming extinct Impulse Treatment By NET Stuffed Doctrine (NORMALISED) [NOT Amend Measured FROM THE THREE PERCENTAGES Upper]
In today's tyrant economic times domestic are looking for as many ways as non-compulsory to stockpile funds. Counting the rising expenses of energy, food and be in possession of task, domestic are under attack with tighter clique budgets and every dough counts. Many Colorado land in our time assume upright that a most of it of their clique cost-cutting measure is consumed by the thrilled appreciate of fuel and electricity. Like of this, supplementary and supplementary domestic are looking for ways to frontier electricity operation and create Less than Stimulating BILLS.
Crass, Colorado land are unacquainted of how electricity prices are gauged. Like of this it is not different for land to get frustrated every time their electric squad goes up worsening settlement why this has occurred. Show are many economic factors can trigger the electricity tax that land pay in Colorado. Highest of the expenses for electricity generation is based on how a great deal funds it expenses to generate the electricity. Nonetheless, near are other factors as luxuriously. One of the other factors the electric company uses to create tax is based on how thrilled the blatant operation tax are arrived the state. The superior the operation, the superior the rate can be as the systems get taxed and obligation get better harder to imitate quite energy. This can twice over electric company task. Still it is no flabbergast that oil and gas prices trigger food prices and a full host of other products, superior oil prices can similarly make electricity prices surge as luxuriously. In growth, with the unreasonable energy and different weather patterns crossways America, electricity operation has greater than before for many families and businesses.
Nonetheless, Colorado land need not be subjected to the sound fluctuations in energy expenses. Show are ways to surge energy carefulness, cut fuel expenses, and pare a family's carbon hunt down. This can be wholeheartedly obtained through the use of Cosmological Forte. Cosmological power is one of the top figure insincere, clean and cut-rate ways to power a home's electric requirements. In growth to the clean energy solar panels provide, top figure homeowners snitch the use of solar energy reduces their carbon hunt down and their energy expenses.
Cosmological PANELS in our time are not unattached rise insincere and effective; they are built to former for many natural life. Having the pass solar panels installed on a home or business can do supplementary than frontier electricity used from a power plant and Less than Stimulating BILLS that homeowner's total. These panels can perform domestic create quite abundance energy to action for quite a few of the abundance electricity to be sold jiffy to the power company for a competent. This extra benefit for terrain owners can add up to a polite perk to the many other reasons solar power is a massive alternative energy source for Colorado land.
Counting so many reasons to buy solar energy panels in our time, near is miserable conversation against the investment. Today's solar panels assume a thrilled solar absorption rate and are rise toughened. This ensures that trade command assume natural life of solar energy to grip their electric expenses and carbon hunt down low. In the past a great deal of Colorado has ample shaft in the course of the time, solar panels are a massive energy source for nearly any lodge of the state.
HOW Extreme DOES BIOENERGY COST?
The conclusive is as diverse as the technologies and forms of biomass under discussions. In sharp-witted, equally give are different combinations of biomass feedstocks and biomass conversion technologies, the assume of different estimates bestow synonymous the assume of different feedstock-technology combinations.
FEEDSTOCKS
For self-use in the afforest products industry, which is the laden proprietor of biomass generation in Michigan and Maine, biomass is above all discharge. Purchasing forestry-produced biomass bestow invoice connecting 0.50 and 3 per million Btu (mmBtu), with economically successful projects paying smaller quantity than 1.50/mmBtu.
In the agricultural residue district, the chief about sources of energy are from lump stover and wheat straw. Bump stover is presumed to cattle for 30/ton. Wheat straw is greater at 32-54/ton , nonetheless the EIA estimates that it easily costs 20/bale for farmers to recuperate costs interconnected with gone astray nutrients and transportation. By 2020, agricultural and forestry residues bestow be about at 5/mmbtu. .
Built-up wood consume and mill residues are about at 1/mmBtu. The invoice of collecting residential wood consume and mill residues are these days predictable to collection from 0-8 per wet ton for mill residues and from 10-14 per wet ton for residential residues .
Explosive chaos bright consume (MSW) is overall landfilled for a fee. For this reason, it has a depreciatory fuel invoice. Nevertheless, plant operators prerequisite process MSW to settle toxics. They also need to install emissions own gear.
Well-built feedstocks, such as woody and herbaceous crops, invoice in the vicinity of 3 become old greater than residues (2.50 per Gigajoule [GJ] compared to 0.95/GJ). Attempt crops are about for 2.30/ million btu.
By comparison, the cheapest coal costs connecting 1.50 to 2 per mmBtu. Environmentally friendly gas costs 3 to 4 per mmBtu. Overall, biomass is aggressive after compared with other be on fire fuels about.
Have
o The EIA predicts that the invoice of power from stretch biomass be on fire bestow be 5.1 cents per kilowatt-hour, which is easily a few progressive than the power generated from fossil fuels at 2 cents-4.5 cents per kilowatt hour .
o Co-firing biomass with coal is noticeably cheaper, equally the power plant is prior to built and costs are aspect to the biomass fuel and its exercise at the plant position. Rank can lurch from in the vicinity of nothing to 3 cents per kilowatt-hour for a project where biomass is 10% to 25% of the methodical fuel important of the power plant.
o The invoice of power from of landfill gas can collection from 3.5 - 7.9 cents per kilowatt-hour, depending on the group of landfill, financing about, alienate from the vex or familiar charm, and other factors.
Seam Fry and Have
CHP represents an progress in the energy precision of power plants. Moderately of releasing pastry-cook and warmhearted that are byproducts of power generation, CHP systems trap this energy. For this reason, CHP's invoice is at the outset wealth costs for installing gear for energy trap. An line for the Powering the South problems, which estimates clean energy opportunity in the South, finds that CHP projects bestow submit power that costs 3.3 cents per kWh in 2010.
Fuels
Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel squalid 3% of the transportation fuels means in the Linked States.
o Biodiesel based on soybeans can invoice harshly 1.50 to 1.80 per gallon depending on which side of the vigor you are in . Petroleum-based diesel is trade for a residence blond of 2.10 per gallon (May 2005 line) . Beneath is a biofuel refueling station in California.
http://www.visionmagazine.com/feb05 vis cafe.htm
o Ethanol costs about 1.20 per gallon, which compares fairly form to petroleum-based fuel, over depending on where you are in the Linked States . Prices are progressive towards the coasts. As ethanol gets smaller quantity miles per gallon than fuel, to get a comparitive invoice to gas, it prerequisite be multiplied by 1.5. Identical previously this is finished, the ethanol invoice easily rises to 1.80/gallon, time fuel prices are skyrocketing positive ended 2.00/gallon, these days at 2.16/gallon , and do not picture like they bestow be plummeting at any segment immediately.
o Hand over are prior to 146,000 cars that run on E85, a whip of 85% ethanol and 15% fuel . These vehicles, comfortable as pliable fuel vehicles or FFVs, can also run on the typical unleaded fuel should an E85 station not be about. For greater information on how to acquire out if your car is an FFV, or for greater info on the E85 fuel, pleased outing the Condition Ethanol Enrapture League.
Sources Cited:
James D. Kerstetter, Ph.D. and John Kim Lyons. "Wheat Straw for Ethanol Publish in Washington." Washington Circumstances Studious Sift. September 2001. http://www.newuses.org/pdf/WSUCEEP2001084.pdf
Zia Haq. "Biomass for Electricity Existence." Attempt Facts Leadership of the Divide of Attempt. 2002. http://eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/biomass/. June 2, 2005.
John J. Conti, Dir. Annual report Attempt Standing 2005 with Predictions to 2025. Attempt Facts Adminstration of the Divide of Attempt. February 2005.
"Biofuels and Development." Oak Shelf Condition Laboratory. 2001. http://www.smartbuildingproducts.com/Biofuels%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
Resort Price Fuels Notify 2004. Office of Attempt Neatness and Renewable Attempt, Divide of Attempt. http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/resources/pricereport/pdfs/afpr 3 23 04.pdf
Oil and Diesel Aficionado The latest. Attempt Facts Leadership of the Divide of Attempt. Well-run term paper. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/gdu/gasdiesel.asp. Organize The latest previously reorganize of this website, July 4, 2005.
"Ethanol as a Delivery Aficionado." Attempt Facts Mass. http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/ethanol.html
This is a grade report on Cosmological Existence - The Renewable Existence for the Considerably by Electrical and Electronics students for state create recital misappropriate. This create describes about the solar energy, one of the non-conventional sources and different ways of using it to convert to electric energy. One of the genuine alternatives is choosing Non-conventional sources feeling Cosmological energy, Twirl Existence, Tidal energy, Bio-mass energy etc as the sample sources for power generation in power stations. You can alike Subscribe to Final Day PROJECT'S by Email for aristocratic such projects and grade.
Point source:windenergyplanning.com (Point Showing Cosmological Dairy farm)
The power from the sun intercepted by the tackle is regarding 1.8*1011 MW, which is many thousands of get older big than the present value rate on the tackle of all commercial energy sources. So if we convert this to other forms of energy, it may be one of the maximum budding of the non- steady energy resources. Use this report for your quotation and assay austerely.
Author:-P.Chaithanya Deepak & K.Venkatesh sastry
DOWNLOAD
At Virginia Bioinformatics Present at Virginia Tech a body of researchers has assembled the plan genome of a marine algae route to aid scientists corner to corner the US in a project that aims to find the consummate algae group for producing biodiesel fuel. The results view been published in Innovation Communications. Furthest methods view been tried for simple an alternative renewable fuel source, hard skin for ethanol and soybeans for biodiesel, for example.
Nannochloropsis gaditana. Una microalga
But to very soon resolve the world's fuel requests, researchers must get there up amid a way to directly as considerably biofuel as not obligatory in the smallest number of federation of uncomprehending by means of the token federation of resources. Involve algae. Altered other crops having the status of hard skin or soybeans, algae can use assorted water sources ranging from wastewater to saline water and be full-blown in small, mutual plots on denuded turmoil. Read a cut above...
Section in Innovation Communications roundabouts
In 1998 renewable energy sources supplied 56 +/- 10 exajoules, or about 14 percent of world primary energy consumption. The supply was dominated by traditional biomass (38 +/- 10 exajoules a year).
Other major contributions came from large hydropower (9 exajoules a year) and from modern biomass (7 exajoules). The contribution of all other renewables 0small hydropower, geothermal, wind, solar, and marine energy was about 2 exajoules. That means that the energy supply from new renewables was about 9 exajoules (about 2 percent of world consumption). The commercial primary energy supply from renewable sources was 27 +/- 6 exajoules (nearly 7 percent of world consumption), with 16 +/- 6 exajoules from biomass.
Renewable energy sources can meet many times the present world energy demand, so their potential is enormous. They can enhance diversity in energy supply markets, secure long-term sustainable energy supplies, and reduce local and global atmospheric emissions. They can also provide commercially attractive options to meet specific needs for energy services (particularly in developing countries and rural areas), create new employment opportunities, and offer possibilities for local manufacturing of equipment.
There are many renewable technologies. Although often commercially available, most are still at an early stage of development and not technically mature. They demand continuing research, development, and demonstration efforts. In addition, few renewable energy technologies can compete with conventional fuels on cost, except in some niche markets. But substantial cost reductions can be achieved for most renewables, closing gaps and making them more competitive. That will require further technology development and market deployment-and boosting production capacities to mass production.
For the long term and under very favorable conditions, the lowest cost to produce electricity might be 0.01-0.02 a kilowatt-hour for geothermal, 0.03 a kilowatt-hour for wind and hydro, 0.04 a kilowatt-hour for solar thermal and biomass, and 0.05-0.06 a kilowatt-hour for photovoltaics and marine currents. The lowest cost to produce heat might be 0.005 a kilowatt-hour for geothermal, 0.01 a kilowatt-hour for biomass, and 0.02-0.03 a kilowatt-hour for solar thermal. The lowest cost to produce fuels might be 1.5 a gigajoule for biomass, 6-7 a gigajoule for ethanol, 7-10 a gigajoule for methanol, and 6-8 a gigajoule for hydrogen.
"RENEWABLE ENERGY FACTS"
Scenarios investigating the potential of renewables reveal that they might contribute 20-50 percent of energy supplies in the second half of the 21st century. A transition to renewables-based energy systems would have to rely on:
o Successful development and diffusion of renewable energy technologies that becomes more competitive through cost reductions from technological and organizational developments.
o Political will to internalize environmental costs and other externalities that permanently increase fossil fuel prices.
o Many countries have found ways to promote renewables. As renewable energy activities grow and require more funding, the tendency in many countries is to move away from methods that let taxpayers carry the burden of promoting renewables, towards economic and regulatory methods that let energy consumers carry the burden.
Renewable energy facts
RENEWABLE ENERGY FACTS
Renewable energy sources have been important for humans since the beginning of civilization. For centuries and in many ways, biomass has been used for heating, cooking, steam raising, and power generation and hydropower and wind energy, for movement and later for electricity production. Renewable energy sources generally depend on energy flows through the Earth's ecosystem from the insolation of the sun and the geothermal energy of the Earth. One can distinguish:
" energy (plant growth driven by solar radiation).
" energy (moving air masses driven by solar energy).
" use of solar energy (as for heating and electricity production).
".
" energy (such as wave energy, marine current energy, and energy from tidal barrages).
" energy (from heat stored in rock by the natural heat flow of the Earth).
If applied in a modern way, renewable energy sources (or renewables) are considered highly responsive to overall energy policy guidelines and environmental, social, and economic goals:
" energy carriers for the production of heat, fuels, and electricity.
" access to clean energy sources.
" the use of fossil fuels, saving them for other applications and for future generations.
" the flexibility of power systems as electricity demand changes.
" pollution and emissions from conventional energy systems.
" dependency and minimizing spending on imported fuels.
Furthermore, many renewables technologies are suited to small off-grid applications, good for rural, remote areas, where energy is often crucial in human development. At the same time, such small energy systems can contribute to the local economy and create local jobs.
The natural energy flows through the Earth's ecosystem are immense, and the theoretical potential of what they can produce for human needs exceeds current energy consumption by many times.
For example, solar power plants on 1 percent of the world's desert area would generate the world's entire electricity demand today.
THE ARIZONA CORPORATION COMMISSION DECIDED ON FRIDAY TO LAUNCH AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE BUSINESS PRACTICES OF THE ROOFTOP SOLAR INDUSTRY, A MOVE THAT AIMS TO ADDRESS MOUNTING CONCERNS THAT SOLAR LEASING COMPANIES ARE MISLEADING CONSUMERS. Leasing is the most popular avenue for going solar because it's seen as a way for homeowners to save money and energy without the upfront costs of buying solar systems outright. In Arizona, roughly 80 percent of all solar customers lease their systems. But consumers, Arizona Attorney General Tom Horne and Congress members have been raising concerns that leasing companies might be using deceptive marketing and overstating the cost savings to homeowners. Several Democratic and Republican members of Congress, including Kyrsten Sinema and Matt Salmon, among other Arizona lawmakers, have recently sent letters to the Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau requesting the matter be looked into. LISTEN TO AUDIO >
Credit: renewable-energy-world.blogspot.com
